Eye Cancer
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| Eye cancer |
As they grow and spread, they can damage normal cells around them. Eye cancer can occur in three main parts of the eye, namely:
1. Eyeball (globe). The eyeball consists of various tissues and fluids that make up the sense-sensing system. The three layers of tissue that make up the eyeballs are:
- Sklera, is the white, the loudest, and the most outgoing network. At the front of the eye, there is a clear colored sclera called the cornea of the eye.
- The retina, the deepest inner eye tissue composed of light-sensitive nerve cells.
- Uvea, is a network of eyeballs located between the retina and the sclera. Uvea is made up of irises that give color to the eyes and form pupils, the choroid that serves to provide nutrients to the eye and also contains pigment-producing cells (melanocytes), and ciliary bodies that regulate the lens of the eye.
2. Orbita. Eye orbits are the various tissues that surround the eyeballs, including the muscles of the eyeball movement.
3. Eye Accessories. Accessories or adnexa parts are an additional part of the eye such as eyebrows, tear glands, eyelids, conjunctiva, and eyelashes.
Eye cancer can start from the eyes or from other organs that cancer cells spread to the eye. Eye cancer originating from the eye is called primary eye cancer. While eye cancer originating from other organs called secondary eye cancer. Eye cancer is a rare disease.
Types of Eye Cancer
Based on the type of home network, eye cancer can be divided into:
- Intraocular melanoma. This is a type of melanoma cancer that occurs in the eyeball tissue. Intraocular melanoma is the most common type of eye cancer, but it is still rare compared with melanoma skin cancer. Cancer of melanoma occurs in pigment-producing cells or melanocytes located in the uvea tissues. The choroid is the most frequent site of tumor growth. In addition to the choroid, intraocular melanoma can first be detected in the iris tissue. Melanoma in the iris is a cancer that grows slowly and rarely spread to other organs.
- Intraocular lymphoma. Named intraocular lymphoma, because this cancer occurs in cells in the lymph nodes in the eye. Intraocular lymphomas that appear often include non-Hodgkin's lymphoma group. Most people with intraocular lymphoma have problems with their immune system, for example, suffering from AIDS. Intraocular lymphoma also often coexists with lymphoma of the central nervous system called primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).
- Retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma is a specific eye cancer affecting children. Retinoblastoma arises from the mutation of the gene in the retina that causes the retinal cells to divide rapidly and spread to the tissues of the eyes as well as other body parts. Retinoblastoma can occur in one or both eyes. If it occurs in both eyes, retinoblastoma can be detected even before the age of 1 year. If detected early, retinoblastoma can be treated well and have a high cure rate. In addition to retinoblastoma, medulloepithelioma is the second most frequent eye cancer in the eyeball, although very rare.
In addition to the three types of eye cancer that occur in the eyeball, eye cancer can also occur in orbital and eye adnexa. Some types of cancers in the orbital tissue and eye adnexa include:
- Eyelid cancer. Is a variant of skin cancer. May be basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.
- Orbital cancer. Cancer that occurs in the muscles of the eyeball and the connective tissue around the eyeball (rhabdomyosarcoma).
- Conjunctival melanoma. The conjunctiva is the membrane lining the eyelids and eyeballs. Conjunctival melanoma looks like a black spot on the eye.
- Tumors of tear glands.
Diagnosis of Eye Cancer
Examination and diagnosis of the symptoms of eye cancer is very important for cancer can be detected early. The most important diagnostic method for detecting eye cancer is an eye exam. Eye examination can be done with the help of tools, such as ophthalmoscopy and lens gonioskopi. Patient will be checked related:
-The symptoms experienced, including a history of symptoms of eye cancer.
- Eye sight ability.
- Movement of the eyeballs.
- Eye blood vessels, to check the dilation of blood vessels in the eye.
-Vitreous humor, the clear liquid like jelly in the eyeball. If there is intraocular lymphoma, usually vitreous humor will experience the turbidity.
Intraocular lymphoma often affects both eyes. However, in certain cases can also occur only on one eye. Intraocular melanoma can be known early only through eye examination. In order for more accurate test results and can be known rate of growth and spread of cancer, patients can undergo a supporting examination such as:
-Scanning. Scans such as ultrasound of the eye, CT scan, or MRI function to determine the location and size of cancer cells. Scans can also be performed on other organs, in addition to the eyes, to detect the spread of cancer to other organs, such as chest X-ray, liver ultrasound, or PET Scan.
-Biopsy. Biopsy is done by taking samples of eye tissue suspected of having cancer and examined under a microscope. Biopsy is rarely performed as a diagnostic method, unless it is very necessary, as it is difficult to take eye tissue samples without causing any damage.
-Lumbar puncture (lumbar puncture) test. The lumbar puncture aims to detect whether intraocular lymphoma cancer has spread to the brain or spinal cord. This test is done by taking cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal area.